Introduction to Dermatology | The Basics | Describing Skin Lesions (Primary & Secondary Morphology)

This is an introductory lesson to dermatology, more specifically we discuss an approach to describe skin lesions (ex. macules, patches, papules, plaques etc.).

Please let me know if you found this lesson helpful! If you have any suggestions for improvement or notice any mistakes, please let me know in the comments below 🙂

JJ

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EXCLAIMER: The content used in this lesson is used in accordance with Fair Use laws and is intended for educational purposes only.

**MEDICAL DISCLAIMER**: JJ Medicine does not provide medical advice, and the information available on this channel does not offer a diagnosis or advice regarding treatment. Information presented in these lessons is for EDUCATIONAL PURPOSES ONLY, and information presented here is NOT TO BE USED as an alternative to a healthcare professional’s diagnosis and treatment of any person/animal.

Only a physician or other licensed healthcare professional are able to determine the requirement for medical assistance to be given to a patient. Please seek the advice of your physician or other licensed healthcare provider if you have any questions regarding a medical condition.

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Check out some of my other lessons.

Medical Terminology – The Basics – Lesson 1:

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Rheumatology Playlist

Endocrinology Playlist

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*Although I try my best to present accurate information, there may be mistakes in this video. If you do see any mistakes with information in this lesson, please comment and let me know.*
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For more information on dermatology or #YaleMedicine, visit: https://www.yalemedicine.org/stories/rare-skin-problems-treatment-genetics.

We hear a lot about treatments for skin problems like an acne flare-up, a worrisome mole, or eczema. But there are also quite a few rare, severe skin conditions that can have a major impact on quality of life, whether because they are painful or make you self-conscious about your appearance. Also, skin disorders can affect other parts of the body as well. For instance, erythrokeratodermia-cardiomyopathy (EKC) syndrome is a condition that causes plaques to form on the skin and also heart abnormalities. And people with genetic skin diseases are much more likely to experience depression. “Most disorders have a genetic basis, and in skin diseases, it’s incredibly easy to see them,” says dermatologist Keith Choate, MD, PhD. The unique thing about skin diseases, he says, is that the entire skin is made up of the same cells, performing different roles depending on the location on the body. “When we find a mutation in a new gene, the first thing that we do is ask, ‘What is the normal function of this gene within the skin?”’ Dr. Choate uses genetics to diagnose and treat rare skin diseases. At Yale, over a dozen new genetic skin diseases have been defined, and in some cases, Dr. Choate’s group has been able to develop treatments for them. ac
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Decoding genetic skin disorders: lessons and new technologies

Air date: Wednesday, April 15, 2015, 3:00:00 PM

Category: WALS – Wednesday Afternoon Lectures

Runtime: 00:53:04

Description: NIH Director’s Wednesday Afternoon Lecture Series

The underlying molecular basis has been determined for more than 2,000 inherited monogenic disorders, of which at least 20 percent have cutaneous manifestations. The explosion of knowledge about genetics and genetic disease during the past 20 years has helped us to understand how gene changes translate into clinical manifestations. The current availability of whole exome sequencing (WES) is rapidly decoding rare genetic skin disorders, uncovering new causes, facilitating genotype-based diagnosis at a fraction of pre-next generation sequencing costs, and enabling new individualized therapies based on knowledge of the underlying gene mutation. Emerging therapeutic options include the use of topical gentamycin for “readthrough” of null mutations, replacement with recombinant protein, topical pathogenesis-based therapy for lipid biosynthesis defects, and cell-based therapies through grafting or stem cell transplantation. An exciting result of WES is the ability to decode somatic mosaic genetic disorders through the comparative analysis of DNA from a lesional skin biopsy and genomic DNA. Many of these mutations in mosaic disorders result from activation of the RAS or PI3K/AKT signaling pathways, allowing targeted topical therapy with small-molecule inhibitors or gene suppression. New technology, such as microneedles and topically applied nanoconjugate creams, promise to deliver antisense DNA or siRNA through the epidermal barrier to skin targets. Clinically normal skin in generalized recessive skin disorders may represent sites of revertant mosaicism, allowing expansion of the patient’s own phenotypically normal cells as replacement of abnormal cells with the risk of immune rejection. These therapeutic options, together with the plummeting cost of technology, will revolutionize our ability to provide personalized therapy for patients with genetic skin disorders.

For more information go to http://wals.od.nih.gov

Author: Amy S. Paller, M.S., M.D., Walter J. Hamlin Professor and Chair, Department of Dermatology; Professor, Department of Pediatrics, and Director, Skin Disease Research Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine

Permanent link: http://videocast.nih.gov/launch.asp?18949

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Lauren Pinter-Brown, MD, Clinical Professor of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Irvine and Director of the Cutaneous Lymphoma Foundation, gives an overview of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) and how it is treated.

CTCL belongs to the non-Hodgkin lymphoma family as a rare group of malignancies involving malignant T-cells migrating to, and collecting in, cutaneous tissue. This makes diagnosis challenging as the initial signs are skin-related and, therefore, overlap with many other dermatologic disorders. Additionally, CTCL variants present overlapping symptomatology, making it difficult to diagnose between CTCL subtypes. Hence, histopathologic features must be correlated with the clinical presentation to confirm diagnosis.

Many forms of CTCL are relatively indolent compared with other T-cell lymphomas, but there are aggressive subtypes. This is illustrated by the two most common forms of CTCL: mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome. Although mycosis fungoides is considered a slow-growing variant, Sézary syndrome is aggressive and generally has a poor prognosis. Importantly, even the indolent subtypes can progress in some patients and become difficult to manage.

As Dr. Pinter-Brown explains, dermatologists usually diagnose CTCL through skin biopsies. In the case of Sézary syndrome, flow cytometry of the blood may be done to diagnose the patient.

Treatment for CTCL depends on the presentation and severity of the cancer. In cases where the cancer is limited to the skin and there are no tumors, light therapy, topical nitrogen mustard, or topical retinoids are used. For more advanced stages of CTCL or aggressive subtypes like Sézary syndrome, HDAC inhibitors, chemotherapy-antibody conjugates, or interferon therapies may be used.

For more information about CTCL and other rare cancers, visit checkrare.com/diseases/cancers/
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This week LBC’s Winter-Spring Webinar series held the 3rd of our 6 lymphoma webinars, ‘T cell lymphoma’ presented by Dr Samar Issa. Non-Hodgkin lymphomas caused by T-cell lymphocytes are rare, representing about 15% of all Non Hodgkin lymphomas.

Dr Issa gives a thorough breakdown of the 4 main sub-types of T cell lymphoma, the current treatment, as well as new emerging targeted treatment. Dr Issa is Consultant haematologist and Clinical Head of the Lymphoma Service at Middlemore Hospital, Auckland. Dr Issa is an active member of a number of scientific groups; is the founding chair of the Lymphoma Network of New Zealand and the founding clinical director of the Middlemore Tissue Bank. She has multiple research publications and is the primary investigator on several local and international lymphoma clinical trials.

The opinions expressed in the comments on this video are those of the individual typing them and not necessarily of Leukaemia & Blood Cancer New Zealand. Comments deemed offensive will be deleted.

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So far in this series we’ve covered the main parts and the main functions of the integumentary system. In part 3 we will be going over the diseases of the skin.

Acne, Skin Cancer, Athletes Foot, Melanoma, Non Melanoma, Dermatitis, Eczema, Impetigo, Psoriasis, Ringworm, Verrucae, Wart

Some graphics created by using Biodigital Human @ https://www.biodigital.com/
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There’s no questions that sun exposure increases your risk of skin cancer. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, skin cancer is the most common type of cancer in the U.S.

More health and medical news on the Mayo Clinic News Network. https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/

Journalists: Clean and nat sound versions of this pkg available for download at https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/

Register (free) at https://newsnetwork.mayoclinic.org/request-account/
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Are they freckles, sun spots, moles, or cancer? Dr. Mary Frances Pilcher, a dermatologist on the medical staff of Lee Health, says it can be difficult for patients to tell the difference. “It’s very hard to tell sun spots from melanoma, so that is the reason it’s important to come get checked.”

Skin cancer can appear as spots that are raised, flat, white, or black. Doctors say if the spots become bigger, painful, or itch, it’s time to see your doctor.

“It’s very important to also remember that you hear about melanoma, the brown black spots, but non melanoma skin cancer is far more common and those can actually look like pimples or bug bites,” said Dr. Pilcher.

After age 30, patients should not develop new moles or spots that don’t go away. “Anything that’s been there, that’s new, that hasn’t gone away after about a month should be checked,” said Dr. Pilcher.

Skin cancer is any kind of tumor that originates in the skin—and there are many different types. “Basal cell skin cancer typically does not spread. They can be locally aggressive. Squamous cell skin cancer, which is the second most common type of skin cancer, can spread to other parts of the body. It typically goes to the lymph nodes and lungs, and other places as well. Melanoma can go anywhere and it can be deadly,” said Dr. Pilcher.

But if caught and diagnosed early, doctors say skin cancer is curable. “The risk is if you leave them too long. Most skin cancers that are the non-melanoma type can be cured simply by cutting them out. Melanoma if caught early can also be cured by cutting it out. It’s when they have sat there for a long time and they have had time to spread,” said Dr. Pilcher.

About one in five people in the United States will develop some type of skin cancer in their life. It’s why doctors encourage anyone at any age getting screened for skin cancer.

View More Health Matters video segments at LeeHealth.org/Healthmatters/

Lee Health in Fort Myers, FL is the largest network of health care facilities in Southwest Florida and is highly respected for its expertise, innovation and quality of care. For more than 100 years, we’ve been providing our community with personalized preventative health services and primary care to highly specialized care services and robotic assisted surgeries. Lee Health – Caring People. Inspiring Care.

Visit LeeHealth.org
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Signs and Symptoms of Skin Cancer by Zaineb Makhzoumi, MD
https://umms.org/find-a-doctor/profiles/dr-zaineb-h-makhzoumi-md-1407014913
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Hospitals and health systems can license this video for marketing or patient use. Learn more: http://www.nucleushealth.com/?utm_source=youtube&utm_medium=video-description&utm_campaign=acne-040212

This video, created by Nucleus Medical Media, describes the most common types of acne and various treatments to help alleviate symptoms of acne. Illustrated within are the different types and common locations of whiteheads, blackheads, pustules (pimples), and cysts within the skin and hair follicles. Also described are the various causes of acne different types of treatment: benzoyl peroxide, salicylic acid, alpha hydroxy acid, and sulfur.

ANH12060
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Animation of skin wound inflammation.

Created by Drew Berry for E.O.Wilson’s Life on Earth interactive textbook of biology (2014) available free from iBook Store
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This is a video on cutaneous diseases that originate from inflammatory, hypersensitivity, and autoimmune origins.

I created this presentation with Google Slides.
Images were created or taken from Wikimedia Commons
I created this video with the YouTube Video Editor.

Acne vulgaris
Rosacea
Perioral dermatitis
AKA periorificial dermatitis, steroid rosacea
, may also include perinasal, nasolabial, or
Atopic dermatitis
AKA atopic eczema
Inflammation of the skin that results in itchy, red, swollen, and dry and/or cracked skin, sometimes with clear fluid released from affected area
Wide range of severity
Spares the nose (unlike acne vulgaris, rosacea)
Epi: common in developed countries (hygiene hypothesis). Up to 20% of children, 3% of adults
Often clears by adulthood in children
Often associated with other atopic dz (allergic rhinitis, asthma)
Presents with itch, and scratching the itch exacerbates the rash (remission-exacerbation cycles)
Lesions begin as erythematous papules, which grow and coalesce into plaques → weep, scale, crust
Contact dermatitis
Pityriasis alba
Variant of AD that occurs in children and presents with dry, scaling, pale/hypopigmented patches on the face
Usually presents asymptomatically, found in darker skinned or tan children
Benign and fades with time, usually self limited
Treatment: unnecessary, can use sunscreen to minimize tanning to
Seborrheic dermatitis
AKA seborrheic eczema or seborrhea
Mild dermatitis that presents with scaly, greasy, flaky, itchy, red skin, affecting sebaceous glands of skin, often on nasolabial fold, scalp, hairline, eyelids, eyebrows, central face, external auditory canals, central chest
Can be hypopigmented in dark skin
Nummular dermatitis
AKA discord dermatitis/eczema, microbial eczema, nummular eczema, nummular neurodermatitis
Asteatotic dermatitis
AKA asteatotic eczema, xerotic eczema, winter itch/eczema
Type of dermatitis characterized by changes in weather → cold
Irritant diaper dermatitis
Presents as redness, erosions in diaper area sparing the skin folds; might have ulcerations
Affects convex surfaces, limited to exposed areas
Moist skin is more easily irritated
Stasis dermatitis
AKA varicose eczema
Skin changes including brown macules or patches, petechiae, red
Dyshidrotic eczema
AKA dyshidrosis, pompholyx
Type of dermatitis with itchy blisters on palms of hands and sides of feet and toes
Tapioca pudding appearance of fluid
Pityriasis rosea
AKA pityriasis rosea Gibert
Urticaria
hives
Dermatographism: subtype with sharply localized wheals appearing seconds after physical trauma
Angioedema
AKA angiooedema, Quincke’s edema, angioneurotic edema
Rapid swelling of dermis, subcutaneous tissue, mucosa, and submucosa tissues
Similar etiology and pathophysiology to urticaria, but swelling here occurs in deeper layers
Psoriasis
Autoimmune disease in which skin patches and red/itchy/scaly skin forms
Epi: 2% of US, frequently starts at ages 20-30 and 50-60
Types/morphologies
Plaque: scaly, red patches, papules, plaques, sometimes itchy
Associated with psoriatic arthritis in 10-25% (seronegative spondyloarthropathy), affecting DIP joints most commonly → especially associated with nail pitting
Vitiligo
Skin condition characterized by patches of skin losing pigment. Patches become white and depigmented with sharp margins.
Caused by autoimmune attack on melanocytes
Pemphigus vulgaris
Chronic blistering autoimmune skin disease caused by type II hypersensitivity
Antibody formation against desmosomes (desmogleins 1 and 3) that keep cells bound together in epidermis
Presents with superficial bullae and erosions, extensive across body
Bullous pemphigoid
Acute or chronic autoimmune skin disease caused by type II hypersensitivity
Necrobiosis lipoidica
AKA necrobiosis lipoidica diabeticorum (NLD)
Necrotising skin condition, usually occurs with diabetes
Sweet’s syndrome
AKA acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis
Skin disease characterized by sudden onset of fever, elevated WBC, tender, red, well demarcated papules and plaques that show dense
Erythema nodosum
Inflammatory condition characterized by inflammation of the fat cells under the skin (panniculitis) → tender red nodules or bumps
Often on lower legs, without ulceration
Calciphylaxis
AKA calcific uremic arteriolopathy (CUA)
Vascular calcification, thrombosis, and skin necrosis caused by extraskeletal calcification, often occurring in pts with ESRD on lower extremities and trunk
Drug induced hypersensitivity syndrome (DIHS)
AKA drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or DRESS syndrome
Stevens–Johnson syndrome / toxic epidermal necrolysis
Life threatening skin emergency caused by adverse reaction to drugs in which epidermis detaches from dermis, leaving body susceptible to infection
SJS is less than 10% BSA, TEN is greater than 30% BSA, in between is mixed

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One of our biggest nightmare is to wake in the morning and see that pimple on your face. Let’s face it that everyone of us go through the phase in life when your biggest problem in life is get rid of those pimples and get back your clear skin.

It’s not a secret that you really need to take care of your skin and treat pimples carefully because if you don’t treat them well than it can lead to skin damages, ugly scars etc. There are several treatments available in the market but its always better to go for natural treatment to avoid any side effects. In this tutorial I’ll be sharing some really amazing home remedies (3-steps process) to get rid of pimples overnight.

Products used/shown in this video –

STEP# 1 SUPPRESS
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ICE

STEP# 2 SPOT TREATMENT
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Option 1# 1 Drop Of Tea Tree Oil
Option 2# 3 Drops Of Lemon + 1/2 Tea Spoon Honey
Option 3# 1/2 Tea Spoon Potato Juice + 1 Pinch Cinnamon Powder
Option 4# 1 Drop Raw Papaya Juice

STEP# 3 HEALING
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1/2 Tea Spoon Aloe Vera Gel
2-3 Mint Leaves

BUY PRODUCTS
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Aroma Magic Tea Tree Oil – http://amzn.to/2ehxFVN
Biotique Tea Tree Oil – http://amzn.to/2fOAFKz
Aloe Vera Gel – http://amzn.to/2fcePyy

Lipstick – OFRA Liquid Lipstick – New Orleans
Nails – Maybelline – SUPERSTAY 7 DAY GEL NAIL COLOR – BUBBLE GUM 155
Earrings – SammyDress.com

If you have enjoyed this video than don’t forget to LIKE, SHARE & COMMENT!!

XoXo
Shruti

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DISCLAIMER: The information provided on this channel and its videos is for general purposes only and should NOT be considered as professional advice. We always try our best to provide accurate information and sound advice but please note that we are not a licensed professional or a medical practitioner so always make sure you consult a professional in case of need. All products/services reviewed on this channel have been purchased by me unless stated otherwise. We always try to keep our channel and its content updated but we cannot guarantee it. All opinions expressed here are our own and we are not compensated by any brand, advertiser, PR representative or affiliate for the same unless explicitly stated in our videos and/or description box. We never try to push products on anyone but we do make recommendations based on our personal experience. All the content published on this channel is our own creative work and is protected under copyright law and in case you need to use our content for any purpose please write to us – contactus@shrutiarjunanand.com *
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What are skin cancers? Skin cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells within the skin.

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What causes skin cancer? How do you detect it? How can I prevent it? Dr. Oz, Hugh Jackman, and a few expert dermatologists are here to answer all of your dire questions about Melanoma.

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